Thank you to the organizers, sponsors and volunteers of BSides Sacramento for a fantastic con! Here are the slides from my Mining for Gold: A Framework for Accessing Pastebin’s Hidden Treasures presentation.
BSides Sacramento Slides
Author Archives: CyberSecOlogist
Red Teaming with the Poo Emoji!
![$HEX[f09f92a9]](https://i1.wp.com/cybersecology.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/pile-of-poo_1f4a9.png?w=960)
First off- if you have a job doing red team work congratulations. Its one of the greatest jobs in the world. All too frequently, however, I see people making the mistake of thinking red teaming is all about hacking. The truth is red teaming is all about helping organizations reduce their cyber risks by methodically testing and exposing their weaknesses. If helping educate the blue team is not part of this, you’re doing your employer a disservice.
Making Blue Fun
Both red teaming and blue teaming can have long, tedious stretches of monotonous tasks. My team and I were in one of these stretches a few months ago reviewing HTTP logs and learning about what a scanner had been trying to find on one of our web properties. The curiosity had given way to tedium as we read through the logs, line by line. It was a Friday afternoon and a horrible way to end the week when an entry in the log analysis software jumped off the page! Flooded in our logs was poo. Lots and lots of poo! A very clever scanner had used the poo emoji (💩) as a payload. It was the hardest I’ve seen the team laugh and added a new energy to the otherwise tedious task. The poo emoji became a symbol of our team remembering how to have fun and not take things so seriously.
Paying it Forward
If you need a way to better engage your blue team, or want to give them some fun I have created some simple payloads that will render the poo emoji when viewed by your defensive team!
Base64 Encoding
To start off with a simple one, this Base64 encoded string “8J+SqQ==” should catch the eye of some control somewhere. And when it does, it decodes in to 💩!
MD5
Shockingly, the poo emoji has not yet made its way in to many wordlists (hint hint for secure passphrases) so this one will keep them occupied. bd49d549f7c1f0169d6d61322a02d39d
XSS
For the purest out there, you can’t beat the tradition cross-site scripting alert. script alert(“%F0%9F%92%A9”); /script
JSFuck
Curse you Jerry Decime for making me love this encoding technique so much. JSFuck allows a coder to write full JavaScript code using only six characters. By getting the code below passed to a JavaScript engine or Node JS the poo emoji will render!
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Thanks for reading, now go fling some poo!
SANS DFIR Log Element
Great cheat sheet by SANS. Would also be useful to assure these are in your SEIM. 
Another Bot Infection from Common Password Use- “Finding Neutrino”
Kirill Shipulin from Positive Technologies wrote up some very good research he did on a Neutrino infection of one of his honeypots. The article can be found here and is well worth the read.
For me, the biggest take-away was once again a Bot infected a system- this time a LAMP stack- using only the 500 passwords in the payload’s wordlist. We see this way to much.
Slides and Links from DEFCON Talk
Thank you all for attending. The GitHub repo is at https://github.com/PBDataRecon/PBDataRecon
The slides are here.
Assessing a Web Site for Insecure Cookies
A cookie is a small piece of data sent from a website and stored on the user’s computer by the user’s web browser while the user is browsing. They primary purpose is to allow the server to be able to identify the user between visits as well as between requests (clicks).
There are three primary CWE’s regarding insecure cookies:
- CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without the “HTTPOnly” Flag / CWE-539: Information Exposure Through Persistent Cookies
- CWE-315: Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information in a Cookie
- CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without ‘Secure’ Attribute
For those of you using the CyberSecOlogy test plan, the security of a cookie can easily be viewed using the Web Developer Plug-in or your ZAP proxy. The ZAP proxy make it easy as insecure cookies show up as alerts when you browse the site, spider the site or do an active scan.
For those who prefer the web developer plug in, simply click on the cookies tab and then again on “View Cookie Information.” This will show you each of the cookies and their attributes:
In the image above, there are four security mistakes made:
- Never, ever ever store credentials in a cookie
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- CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without the ‘”Secure” Flag / CWE-539: Information Exposure Through Persistent Cookies
- If you do (but don’t!) make sure you add “Secure.” Secure would have at least encrypted the cookie.
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- CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without ‘Secure’ Attribute
- To prevent other processes in the browser from be able to access the sensitive data in the cookie, make sure you add “HttpOnly”
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- CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without ‘HttpOnly’ Flag
For the fourth, open your OWASP ZAP and and find the cookie titled “passwordEncoded” and paste the value in to ZAP’s decode tool and try and identify what the value of the password is. Is you can decode the password write it up as CWE-261: Weak Cryptography for Passwords. You see that the password is nothing more than a simple MD5 hash.
Ripped from the Headlines ISC2 Congress 2016 Talk
Mike Landeck’s talk from the ISC2 World Congress 2016 in Orlando on some of the more publicized breaches of 2016.
Giraffes, Ostrich and Six Mental Health Survival Skills for New Cyber Security Managers
Giraffes can’t talk, but if they could they’d tell you they were tired. Really tired. You see, giraffes are so consumed with being on the lookout for predators they have evolved to only sleep for a few seconds at a time. They have to continually wake up and look for predators thus missing out on some of their basic requirements.
Ostriches, I suspect are much happier. They live an abyss of ignorance where at the first sign of a predator they can put their head in the sand and have nothing to worry.
As a Security manager, you don’t really have the luxury of being an ostrich. We are continually bombarded with an unpredictable amount of audit findings, intrusion detection alerts and vulnerabilities that have to be addressed within a set budget and headcount. The challenge is that finding will always happen at a faster rate than fixing giving you a never-ending list of top priorities. This pushing the rock up the hill can lead to job stress and burn-out.
Over the years I have developed some giraffe survival skills that I’d like to pass along to you folks new to security management:
- Know your risks. If you don’t have a deep understanding of your organization’s risks you will never be able to properly prioritize your work and everything will become your #1 priority.
- Don’t get distracted by low hanging fruit. A quick fix often feels like a quick win. But if you continually focus on low-value activities you’ll never tackle the important stuff and never actually make progress. I know, this runs counter to every self-help book ever written.
- Embrace the messenger. As hard as it is some days to have one more issue come across your desk, when people stop coming to you you’ve lost the battle.
- Network with other Security people. No matter how well you work with the rest of your non-security colleagues they’ll never understand what it’s like to know what you know and carry the responsibility.
- Work where you’re wanted. I don’t care how good you are, you won’t be successful implementing security at an organization that doesn’t want security.
- Have realistic expectations. Know up front you can’t fix everything, and what you can fix takes a long time.
(Cross posted to LinkedIn.com)
OWASP’s Juice Shop Practice Site: A Refreshing Reminder
[Juice Shop: Download it | Hack it | Tweet it | Alternative to it]
At a time when continuous integration is king and anyone with a web scanner is calling themselves a pen tester, OWASP’s Juice Shop project is a refreshing reminder of the need for creative, out of the box security testers in our software security assurance programs.
With the popularity of agile methodologies and devOps, lengthy software security assurance activities can slow things down. To counter this, lengthy DAST scanning and code reviews have given way to automated security testing. For identifying simple vulnerabilities such as cross-site scripting and SQL injection, this is a good solution and allows organizations to scale their efforts beyond the range of manual testing. However, automated assessment without strong security involvement in the design phase can leave such security flaws as logic errors and weaknesses in complex workflows dangerously undiscovered. In an industry that has tasted the cost-savings of security test automation, adding expensive manual assessments back in to the release process can be a hard sell. And then came OWASP’s Juice Shop.
I was approached by the author of Juice Shop, Björn Kimminich, to do a write-up on the OWASP project. To confess up front, I didn’t know much about his project and readied my scanners for what I thought would be a fun point and shoot session. However, during my initial inspection I XSS’d the search field and a banner popped up telling me that I had completed a challenge.
Challenge accepted!
With a little more digging I found that the site contained an actual score board tracking what I and had not completed. My MLK weekend plans were now aborted and the obsessive security geek in my had taken over.
Fast-forward a lost weekend and a lot of Googling and I’m about ¾ths done with the challenges- which isn’t half bad for a middle-aged security exec. What is remarkable however, is that in spite of the fact there are 39 unique hacking challenges the majority of the exploitable flaws do not show up on a dynamic, authenticated scan! This is fairly serious considering some of these challenges include defrauding the Juice Shop out of money, taking over the admin account, and impersonating the Juice Shop’s CISO. None of these however were found by the several dynamic scanners I ran against the site.
So, what is my take-away from all this? Try running Juice Shop through your current assessment program and see how many of the findings your processes uncover. I suspect you’ll either be beefing up your security design reviews or adding manual pen testing back in to your process. Maybe even both…
Note: If you don’t have the time or technical patience to bring up your own instance, there’s an online practice site by Heroku that will save you the time.
Also see the Hackazon and Google Firing Range reviews.
Worst Phish Ever #2
The number of openings is limited so I need to act fast…